美終止近30年番茄貿易協議，對墨加徵17.09%反傾銷稅

美國商務部於2025年7月14日宣布，正式中止與墨西哥之間長達近30年的番茄貿易協議，並將對自墨西哥進口的番茄課徵17.09%的反傾銷稅。此舉雖然低於川普政府在4月曾威脅課徵的接近21%關稅，但仍預料將對美國國內的食品價格產生深遠影響。此前，美國總統川普曾於上週六威脅，自8月起將對不屬於《美墨加協定》(USMCA)範圍內的墨西哥商品課徵30%關稅。

美國商務部長盧特尼克(Howard Lutnick)在聲明中明確指出：「墨西哥仍是我們最棒的盟友之一，但我們的農民長期以來受到不公平貿易政策的打擊，番茄等農產品的價格遭到削弱，這種情況從今日起將劃下句點。」他強調，這項改變符合川普總統對墨西哥的貿易政策與做法。美國商務部表示，其執法與合規部門負責根據實際證據嚴格執行美國貿易法律。目前，商務部維護著768項反傾銷及反補貼稅令，旨在為受不公平貿易行為影響的美國企業與工人提供救濟。反傾銷稅旨在衡量墨西哥番茄在美國市場以不公平價格出售的百分比。

回溯歷史，美國國內的生鮮番茄產業早於1996年3月29日便已提出救濟申請，聲稱受到墨西哥傾銷進口的實質性損害。在過去27年裡，美國與墨西哥之間曾簽訂過五項中止協議，分別在1996、2002、2008、2013以及2019年。此次終止的2019年協議，是依據《1930年關稅法》第734(c)條簽訂的，其宗旨是必須「消除墨西哥番茄進口的損害影響」。根據該協議規定，墨西哥簽署方同意遵守協議條款，包括以不低於特定最低銷售價格出售，並消除至少85%的傾銷幅度。2019年協議的第XI節明文規定，美國商務部、個別簽署方或全體簽署方均可提前90天書面通知撤回該協議。商務部和墨西哥簽署方過去也曾使用此條款來啟動中止和終止先前的協議。

針對美方的突襲式加稅，墨西哥總統薛恩鮑姆(Claudia Sheinbaum)於2025年7月14日稍早表示，她相信墨西哥有能力找到扭轉川普加稅的方法。薛恩鮑姆在加州恩森那達的氣候峰會開幕式中提到：「我們在這些事情上已經累積了一些經驗。我認為，我們將與美國政府達成協議。」顯示墨西哥方面正積極尋求外交途徑解決貿易爭端。

U.S. Department of Commerce Announces Withdrawal from 2019 Suspension Agreement on Fresh Tomatoes from Mexico (July 14, 2025)

WASHINGTON, D.C. – Today, the U.S. Department of Commerce announced it is withdrawing from and terminating the 2019 Agreement Suspending the Antidumping Duty Investigation on Fresh Tomatoes from Mexico (the 2019 Agreement). Commerce is withdrawing under Section XI.B of the 2019 Agreement which explicitly allows Commerce to take such an action with 90-days’ written notice.

Now that the 2019 Agreement is terminated, Commerce is issuing an antidumping duty order, resulting in duties of 17.09 percent on most imports of tomatoes from Mexico. Antidumping duties are calculated to measure the percentage by which Mexican tomatoes have been sold in the United States at unfair prices.

“Mexico remains one of our greatest allies, but for far too long our farmers have been crushed by unfair trade practices that undercut pricing on produce like tomatoes. That ends today,” said Secretary of Commerce Howard Lutnick. “This rule change is in line with President Trump’s trade policies and approach with Mexico.”  

Commerce’s Enforcement and Compliance unit within the International Trade Administration is responsible for rigorously enforcing U.S. trade laws and does so based on factual evidence provided on the record. Commerce currently maintains 768 antidumping and countervailing duty orders which provide relief to American companies and workers impacted by unfair trade practices.

Antidumping and countervailing duty orders provide a critical tool for U.S. industries to seek relief from the harmful effects of the unfairly priced imports, including where foreign companies sell goods in the U.S. market below production costs or below prices in their home markets.

BACKGROUND The domestic fresh tomatoes industry petitioned for relief on March 29, 1996 because it claimed it was being materially injured by dumped Mexican imports. Over the last 27 years, there have been five suspension agreements (1996, 2002, 2008, 2013, and 2019). The 2019 Agreement was entered into under Section 734(c) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, pursuant to which it must “eliminate the injurious effect of Mexican tomato imports.” The Mexican signatories agreed to abide by the terms of the 2019 Agreement, including to sell at or above certain minimum selling prices and to eliminate at least 85 percent of the dumping found in the underlying investigation on each entry of tomatoes. The 2019 Agreement contained a duration section (Section XI) which allows Commerce, an individual Signatory, or the collective Signatories, to withdraw from the 2019 Agreement with 90-days’ notice. Commerce and the Mexican Signatories have used this provision previously to initiate a withdrawal from and termination of past suspension agreements.