聯準會升息1碼，2022年至今共計升息4.5%

美國聯準會2月1日決策會議，決議升息1碼(0.25%)，調升後基準聯邦基金利率上升到4.5%~4.75%，利率水準回升到2007年10月來新高。

聯準會自2022年3月16日開始至今共升息8次(2022年7次共17碼+2023年1次)，累計升幅達18碼(4.5%)，回顧前7次宣布升息的時間與升息幅度，依序為2022年3月16日升息1碼、2022年5月4日升息2碼、2022年6月15日升息3碼、2022年7月27日升息3碼、2022年9月21日升息3碼、2022年11月2日升息3碼，2022年12月15日升息2碼。

聯準會在聲明中表示，近期的指標顯示支出與生產溫和成長，近幾個月強勁的就業增長，使失業率維持在低檔，通貨膨脹已有緩和，但仍位處高點。俄羅斯與烏克蘭戰爭還在造成人員與經濟顯著的困難，也加劇全球不確定性，委員會高度關注通膨風險。

聯準會公開市場操作委員會力求長期實現充分就業與通膨率回到2%的目標，聯邦基金利率區間持續上調是適當的。此外委員會也會持續減持美國公債、機構債務，與抵押貸款證券(MBS)。委員會後續評估貨幣政策將考慮更廣泛的訊息，包括勞動市場狀況、通膨壓力與通膨預期，以及金融市場與國際相關數據。

Federal Reserve issues FOMC statement (February 01, 2023)

Recent indicators point to modest growth in spending and production. Job gains have been robust in recent months, and the unemployment rate has remained low. Inflation has eased somewhat but remains elevated.

Russia's war against Ukraine is causing tremendous human and economic hardship and is contributing to elevated global uncertainty. The Committee is highly attentive to inflation risks.

The Committee seeks to achieve maximum employment and inflation at the rate of 2 percent over the longer run. In support of these goals, the Committee decided to raise the target range for the federal funds rate to 4-1/2 to 4-3/4 percent. The Committee anticipates that ongoing increases in the target range will be appropriate in order to attain a stance of monetary policy that is sufficiently restrictive to return inflation to 2 percent over time. In determining the extent of future increases in the target range, the Committee will take into account the cumulative tightening of monetary policy, the lags with which monetary policy affects economic activity and inflation, and economic and financial developments. In addition, the Committee will continue reducing its holdings of Treasury securities and agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities, as described in its previously announced plans. The Committee is strongly committed to returning inflation to its 2 percent objective.

In assessing the appropriate stance of monetary policy, the Committee will continue to monitor the implications of incoming information for the economic outlook. The Committee would be prepared to adjust the stance of monetary policy as appropriate if risks emerge that could impede the attainment of the Committee's goals. The Committee's assessments will take into account a wide range of information, including readings on labor market conditions, inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and financial and international developments.

Voting for the monetary policy action were Jerome H. Powell, Chair; John C. Williams, Vice Chair; Michael S. Barr; Michelle W. Bowman; Lael Brainard; Lisa D. Cook; Austan D. Goolsbee; Patrick Harker; Philip N. Jefferson; Neel Kashkari; Lorie K. Logan; and Christopher J. Waller.

圖資來源：美國聯準會